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  1. Fonteum
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  5. NPPES
Fonteum Data GlossaryData Standards

NPPES: Definition and Healthcare Context

Full name: National Plan and Provider Enumeration System

The National Plan and Provider Enumeration System (NPPES) is the CMS database that assigns and maintains National Provider Identifiers. Eligible healthcare providers apply through NPPES, which collects administrative fields such as submitted names, practice locations, and taxonomy codes. NPPES data is publicly downloadable as a bulk file and accessible through the NPI Registry API. The system enumerates eligible individuals (Type 1) and organizations (Type 2); enumeration does not establish licensure or credentialing.

Last updated: 2026-07-11Reviewed by: Dr. Jennifer Montecillo, MD — Gullas College of Medicine, 2019. Non-practicing medical reviewer.

How it’s used

  • CMS NPPES NPI Registry: the NPPES bulk download is Fonteum's primary source for provider identifiers, addresses, taxonomy codes, and enumeration dates.
  • CMS PECOS Medicare Provider Enrollment: PECOS records are joined to NPPES via NPI to link enrollment status to provider demographics.
  • CMS QPP MIPS: NPI-level MIPS scores from QPP are enriched with taxonomy and specialty data sourced from NPPES.

Frequently asked questions

What does NPPES stand for?
NPPES stands for National Plan and Provider Enumeration System — the CMS database that assigns and maintains National Provider Identifiers.
Is NPPES data public?
Yes. CMS publishes the full NPPES dataset as a monthly bulk download at no cost, containing all active NPI records.
What information does NPPES contain?
NPPES records identify the NPI and enumeration type and can include submitted names, practice and mailing addresses, taxonomy codes, enumeration dates, and deactivation dates. Field availability varies by record.

Related terms

  • NPI Number
  • Type 1 NPI
  • Type 2 NPI
  • Taxonomy Code
  • NUCC
  • PECOS
  • Entity Resolution
  • Bitemporal
  • Provider Credentialing

Explore in Fonteum

How Fonteum sources, resolves, and publishes data tied to this term.

  • DataNPPES provider dataset
  • PlatformPoint-in-time provider snapshots
  • PlatformProvider data API
  • StudyWho is enrolled in Medicare (PECOS analysis)

Authoritative sources

  • NPPES NPI Registry — official↗
  • CMS NPPES bulk data download↗
  • CMS: NPPES overview↗
← All glossary terms

What’s on file, by the numbers

Platform snapshot · 2026-07-15

13.4Mproviders & companiesProviders, organizations, owners, and facilities on file
26.2Msource-linked factsSource-linked field facts in the dated platform snapshot
—sources liveCrosswalk-resolved sources with a proved content transition in the preceding 45 days
111sources integratedActive registry rows; integration does not establish a load
13state Medicaid jurisdictionsDistinct states represented in the state-exclusions serving table

Built on the authoritative federal record

The primary sources, named on every page.

These are the federal agencies whose public datasets Fonteum ingests and attributes — the issuing authorities, not customers or partners. Every figure on the site links back to one of them.

  • CMS
  • HHS-OIG
  • HRSA
  • FDA
  • NLM
  • NUCC
  • Census
  • BLS
  • BEA

See the full source registry, with license and refresh cadence for each →

Reproducible by design

Published figures name their source and date.

Source and date

Published research identifies its government file and observation date. Source-file SHA-256 coverage is disclosed separately; facts do not currently link deterministically to signatures.

Reproducible SQL

Each study ships the exact query behind its figures, run against the same dated copy of the federal file we used. Re-run it yourself.

Daily observations

The platform records table row counts daily. Those observations detect local drift; they do not imply that an upstream publisher released or Fonteum ingested new data that day.

Named medical review

Reviewed by Jennifer Montecillo, MD, medical reviewer. Non-practicing medical reviewer.

Read the full provenance and attestation methodology →

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Reviewed by Jennifer Montecillo, MD, medical reviewer. Non-practicing medical reviewer.

© 2026 Fonteum LLC. All rights reserved.

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A public-records graph that exposes source and observation metadata where supplied.

Fonteum's provenance ledger contained 26.2M source-linked facts on July 12, 2026. All but 14 carried a source-file SHA-256; 0 linked deterministically to a signature. Inspect a supplied snapshot id at fonteum.com/verify · source-mark coverage and limitations.
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