Active U.S. pediatricians per 100,000 residents, by state.
Looking for the public per-dataset methodology page (citations + version history) to link from your product? /methodology/pediatrics-supply →
Every field surfaced from this dataset, with source attribution, refresh cadence, and confidence score. Verbatim source values are confidence 1.0; Fonteum-derived metrics (per-100k, ranks) are 0.95 with the derivation logic in the reproducibility statement below.
| Field | Source | Refresh | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
npiIndividual provider NPI (10-digit). | CMS NPPES NPI Registry (public API) | Quarterly | 1.00 ✓ |
taxonomy_codesAll NUCC taxonomy codes attached to the record (primary + subspecialties). | CMS NPPES NPI Registry (public API) | Quarterly | 1.00 ✓ |
taxonomy_primaryThe provider's primary NUCC taxonomy code. | CMS NPPES NPI Registry (public API) | Quarterly | 1.00 ✓ |
statePractice-address state (USPS code) at the time of NPPES record's last_updated. | CMS NPPES NPI Registry (public API) | Quarterly | 1.00 ✓ |
cityPractice-address city at the time of NPPES record's last_updated. | CMS NPPES NPI Registry (public API) | Quarterly | 1.00 ✓ |
last_updatedWhen CMS last modified the NPPES record. Reflects record freshness, not Fonteum snapshot date. | CMS NPPES NPI Registry (public API) | Quarterly | 1.00 ✓ |
population_2024PEP V2025 state population estimate for 2024 vintage. | U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP) V2025 | Annual (V<year> vintage releases each March) | 1.00 ✓ |
countpediatricians active in NPPES as of snapshot date. The §193 sub-specialty filter parameter (`?subspecialty=<NUCC code>`) on the public API recomputes counts and density against any registered subspecialty taxonomy. | Fonteum Research (derived from CMS NPPES + U.S. Census Bureau) | Recomputed on each NPPES + Census refresh cycle | 0.95 |
per_100kpediatricians per 100,000 residents (count ÷ population × 100,000). | Fonteum Research (derived from CMS NPPES + U.S. Census Bureau) | Recomputed on each NPPES + Census refresh cycle | 0.95 |
rank_density1..51 rank by per_100k across U.S. states + DC. | Fonteum Research (derived from CMS NPPES + U.S. Census Bureau) | Recomputed on each NPPES + Census refresh cycle | 0.95 |
rank_count1..51 rank by absolute count. | Fonteum Research (derived from CMS NPPES + U.S. Census Bureau) | Recomputed on each NPPES + Census refresh cycle | 0.95 |
quartileQ1..Q4 from rank_density. | Fonteum Research (derived from CMS NPPES + U.S. Census Bureau) | Recomputed on each NPPES + Census refresh cycle | 0.95 |
underservedBoolean: per_100k below the transparent threshold defined in the parent study. | Fonteum Research (derived from CMS NPPES + U.S. Census Bureau) Threshold is a baseline cutoff, not a regulatory or clinical definition. | Recomputed on each NPPES + Census refresh cycle | 0.90 |
A buyer should be able to rerun the methodology against the same public source data and reconcile counts. Discrepancies belong in the corrections log; we publish them when they arise.
1. Query the NPPES API at https://npiregistry.cms.hhs.gov/api/ with taxonomy_description=<NUCC name> and enumeration_type=NPI-1 for each NUCC taxonomy in the parent specialty's scope (full list in the parent study's methodology). 2. Filter results to records with active license status. 3. Bucket by practice-address state (50 USPS codes + DC). 4. Pull U.S. Census Bureau PEP V2025 (2024 vintage) state population estimates from https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest.html. 5. Compute per_100k = count ÷ population × 100,000 per state. Rank ascending and bucket into quartiles by rank. 6. Apply the parent study's transparent underserved threshold to flag the per-state row's underserved boolean. The full ingest script is published at scripts/research/nppes-write.ts in the Fonteum engine repository (private). Customers under a pilot or Standard agreement can request the script for independent reconciliation.
The most common questions a procurement / compliance officer asks during evaluation. Answers cite source links so the response can be lifted directly into your internal audit document.
The U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services NPPES NPI Registry, queried through the public API at npiregistry.cms.hhs.gov. NPPES is the federal authoritative registry of every healthcare provider permitted to bill Medicare; participation is mandatory for any provider seeking an NPI. We pull only public fields and count only NPI-1 individual records carrying the relevant NUCC taxonomy code(s).
Reference: https://npiregistry.cms.hhs.gov/api/
Snapshot date is published in the dataset metadata and on the corresponding /research page. Cadence is quarterly — every NPPES refresh triggers a new snapshot; per-field last_checked timestamps are emitted in the API and on the SourceChip surfaces. Older snapshots remain accessible via the /corrections-log changelog.
Reference: https://fonteum.com/corrections-log
PAs, nurse practitioners, certified nurse-midwives, and other allied-health providers operating under taxonomy codes outside the parent + scoped subspecialties are excluded. Type-2 organizational NPIs are excluded (the dataset is per-physician, not per-practice). Out-of-state telemedicine attribution is not separable from in-state practice in the public NPPES record.
Reference: https://fonteum.com/methodology
Each study's underserved threshold is a transparent baseline cutoff stated explicitly in the methodology. It is not a regulatory or clinical definition. Where applicable, thresholds are aligned with HRSA HPSA shortage criteria or specialty-society workforce reports; the methodology page shows the rationale per study.
Reference: https://fonteum.com/methodology
Yes. The reproducibility statement above lists the exact NPPES API query parameters, the Census 2024-vintage population denominators, and the per-state aggregation logic. A buyer can rerun the methodology against the same source data and reconcile counts. We document any discrepancies in the corrections log when they arise.
Reference: https://fonteum.com/corrections-log
Density only. Per-capita supply is not the same as patient access. Drive time, appointment availability, insurance acceptance, telemedicine substitution, and wait times are not modeled in the dataset. The Limitations section calls this out explicitly so it cannot be misread as an access claim.
Reference: https://fonteum.com/methodology#limitations
The underlying NPPES + Census data is public-domain federal information. Fonteum Research's aggregated dataset (the per-state counts + denominators + ranks) is licensed under the Fonteum editorial-policy terms — internal use during a pilot agreement, commercial-product use under a Standard or Enterprise contract. Resyndication to third parties requires a separate agreement.
Reference: https://fonteum.com/terms
Pilot, Standard, and Enterprise customers receive Audit Packs scoped to their delivery cadence and contracted dataset list. The methodology version is pinned to the snapshot delivered, so the artifact is durable across the contract period. Contact pilot@fonteum.com or request access at /data-platform/api-access.
We don’t sell ranking and don’t accept payment to move a provider up the list. For final hire decisions, verify licensing, insurance, and references directly with the applicable licensing or credentialing body.
No bulk-licensing source family is currently ingested for this vertical. Hire-time checking still routes through the body named above.