{
  "schema_version": 1,
  "methodology_version": "most-recalled-vehicle-brands/v1",
  "generated_at": "2026-06-24",
  "warehouse": "fonteum-platform",
  "source": {
    "name": "NHTSA Safety Recalls (FLAT_RCL flat file, recalls reported 2010 onward)",
    "publisher": "U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Office of Defects Investigation",
    "license": "U.S. Government Works (public domain)",
    "source_url": "https://static.nhtsa.gov/odi/ffdd/rcl/FLAT_RCL_POST_2010.zip",
    "confirm_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/recalls",
    "as_of": "2026-06-24",
    "coverage_period": "Recall campaigns reported 2010-01-01 through 2026-06-19"
  },
  "totals": {
    "total_campaigns": 15035,
    "total_affected_units": 691537329,
    "mean_affected_per_campaign": 45995,
    "median_affected_per_campaign": 475,
    "distinct_makes": 1766,
    "distinct_components": 624,
    "total_make_campaign_appearances": 17596,
    "report_period_start": "2010-01-01",
    "report_period_end": "2026-06-19"
  },
  "by_brand": [
    {
      "make": "FORD",
      "recall_campaigns": 847,
      "affected_units": 92368181
    },
    {
      "make": "MERCEDES-BENZ",
      "recall_campaigns": 512,
      "affected_units": 10522004
    },
    {
      "make": "CHEVROLET",
      "recall_campaigns": 438,
      "affected_units": 70254735
    },
    {
      "make": "FOREST RIVER",
      "recall_campaigns": 406,
      "affected_units": 835949
    },
    {
      "make": "BMW",
      "recall_campaigns": 357,
      "affected_units": 12328399
    },
    {
      "make": "TOYOTA",
      "recall_campaigns": 297,
      "affected_units": 61472351
    },
    {
      "make": "FREIGHTLINER",
      "recall_campaigns": 294,
      "affected_units": 3487150
    },
    {
      "make": "HONDA",
      "recall_campaigns": 267,
      "affected_units": 61398425
    },
    {
      "make": "JEEP",
      "recall_campaigns": 233,
      "affected_units": 38190268
    },
    {
      "make": "GMC",
      "recall_campaigns": 232,
      "affected_units": 39029884
    },
    {
      "make": "NISSAN",
      "recall_campaigns": 230,
      "affected_units": 25899942
    },
    {
      "make": "LINCOLN",
      "recall_campaigns": 213,
      "affected_units": 43948966
    },
    {
      "make": "HYUNDAI",
      "recall_campaigns": 210,
      "affected_units": 21998988
    },
    {
      "make": "THOMAS BUILT BUSES",
      "recall_campaigns": 208,
      "affected_units": 515961
    },
    {
      "make": "BLUE BIRD",
      "recall_campaigns": 204,
      "affected_units": 269493
    },
    {
      "make": "RAM",
      "recall_campaigns": 201,
      "affected_units": 38896798
    },
    {
      "make": "DODGE",
      "recall_campaigns": 200,
      "affected_units": 43601123
    },
    {
      "make": "VOLKSWAGEN",
      "recall_campaigns": 200,
      "affected_units": 9362656
    },
    {
      "make": "ALTEC",
      "recall_campaigns": 194,
      "affected_units": 187949
    },
    {
      "make": "VOLVO",
      "recall_campaigns": 191,
      "affected_units": 3152241
    },
    {
      "make": "AUDI",
      "recall_campaigns": 174,
      "affected_units": 7919058
    },
    {
      "make": "INTERNATIONAL",
      "recall_campaigns": 168,
      "affected_units": 1064332
    },
    {
      "make": "KIA",
      "recall_campaigns": 167,
      "affected_units": 14874218
    },
    {
      "make": "WINNEBAGO",
      "recall_campaigns": 159,
      "affected_units": 302658
    },
    {
      "make": "KEYSTONE",
      "recall_campaigns": 155,
      "affected_units": 1596584
    }
  ],
  "by_brand_by_affected": [
    {
      "make": "FORD",
      "recall_campaigns": 847,
      "affected_units": 92368181
    },
    {
      "make": "TAKATA",
      "recall_campaigns": 27,
      "affected_units": 87467531
    },
    {
      "make": "CHEVROLET",
      "recall_campaigns": 438,
      "affected_units": 70254735
    },
    {
      "make": "TOYOTA",
      "recall_campaigns": 297,
      "affected_units": 61472351
    },
    {
      "make": "HONDA",
      "recall_campaigns": 267,
      "affected_units": 61398425
    },
    {
      "make": "LINCOLN",
      "recall_campaigns": 213,
      "affected_units": 43948966
    },
    {
      "make": "DODGE",
      "recall_campaigns": 200,
      "affected_units": 43601123
    },
    {
      "make": "GMC",
      "recall_campaigns": 232,
      "affected_units": 39029884
    },
    {
      "make": "RAM",
      "recall_campaigns": 201,
      "affected_units": 38896798
    },
    {
      "make": "ACURA",
      "recall_campaigns": 90,
      "affected_units": 38575320
    }
  ],
  "by_component": [
    {
      "component_name": "EQUIPMENT",
      "recall_campaigns": 875,
      "affected_units": 11998794
    },
    {
      "component_name": "EQUIPMENT:OTHER:LABELS",
      "recall_campaigns": 620,
      "affected_units": 2097778
    },
    {
      "component_name": "EQUIPMENT:RECREATIONAL VEHICLE/TRAILER",
      "recall_campaigns": 423,
      "affected_units": 727646
    },
    {
      "component_name": "ELECTRICAL SYSTEM",
      "recall_campaigns": 406,
      "affected_units": 10069910
    },
    {
      "component_name": "ELECTRICAL SYSTEM:WIRING",
      "recall_campaigns": 385,
      "affected_units": 13364548
    },
    {
      "component_name": "SEATS",
      "recall_campaigns": 329,
      "affected_units": 3963791
    },
    {
      "component_name": "STEERING",
      "recall_campaigns": 263,
      "affected_units": 4244941
    },
    {
      "component_name": "ELECTRICAL SYSTEM:SOFTWARE",
      "recall_campaigns": 234,
      "affected_units": 20093077
    },
    {
      "component_name": "TIRES",
      "recall_campaigns": 231,
      "affected_units": 1921983
    },
    {
      "component_name": "EQUIPMENT ADAPTIVE/MOBILITY",
      "recall_campaigns": 231,
      "affected_units": 226205
    },
    {
      "component_name": "STRUCTURE",
      "recall_campaigns": 226,
      "affected_units": 3635494
    },
    {
      "component_name": "ELECTRICAL SYSTEM: INSTRUMENT CLUSTER/PANEL",
      "recall_campaigns": 209,
      "affected_units": 6225279
    },
    {
      "component_name": "AIR BAGS:FRONTAL:PASSENGER SIDE:INFLATOR MODULE",
      "recall_campaigns": 206,
      "affected_units": 92675054
    },
    {
      "component_name": "EXTERIOR LIGHTING",
      "recall_campaigns": 199,
      "affected_units": 4849674
    },
    {
      "component_name": "AIR BAGS",
      "recall_campaigns": 177,
      "affected_units": 30239377
    },
    {
      "component_name": "SEAT BELTS",
      "recall_campaigns": 171,
      "affected_units": 7260609
    },
    {
      "component_name": "EXTERIOR LIGHTING:HEADLIGHTS",
      "recall_campaigns": 162,
      "affected_units": 4910117
    },
    {
      "component_name": "POWER TRAIN:AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION",
      "recall_campaigns": 148,
      "affected_units": 10312357
    },
    {
      "component_name": "STRUCTURE:BODY",
      "recall_campaigns": 145,
      "affected_units": 2498832
    },
    {
      "component_name": "SUSPENSION:REAR:AXLE:NON-POWERED AXLE ASSEMBLY",
      "recall_campaigns": 140,
      "affected_units": 954652
    }
  ],
  "by_year": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "recall_campaigns": 722,
      "affected_units": 22645254
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "recall_campaigns": 655,
      "affected_units": 15556343
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "recall_campaigns": 661,
      "affected_units": 18281264
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "recall_campaigns": 710,
      "affected_units": 26289462
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "recall_campaigns": 868,
      "affected_units": 59795810
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "recall_campaigns": 971,
      "affected_units": 86307332
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "recall_campaigns": 1031,
      "affected_units": 76071445
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "recall_campaigns": 897,
      "affected_units": 42654416
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "recall_campaigns": 1033,
      "affected_units": 38850923
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "recall_campaigns": 963,
      "affected_units": 53062646
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "recall_campaigns": 881,
      "affected_units": 55645227
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "recall_campaigns": 1094,
      "affected_units": 35259175
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "recall_campaigns": 1051,
      "affected_units": 32270783
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "recall_campaigns": 1000,
      "affected_units": 39757940
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "recall_campaigns": 1073,
      "affected_units": 35020506
    },
    {
      "year": 2025,
      "recall_campaigns": 997,
      "affected_units": 31284765
    },
    {
      "year": 2026,
      "recall_campaigns": 428,
      "affected_units": 22784038,
      "partial": true
    }
  ],
  "concentration": {
    "top1_campaigns": 847,
    "top5_campaigns": 2560,
    "top10_campaigns": 3883,
    "top25_campaigns": 6757,
    "top1_pct": 4.8,
    "top5_pct": 14.5,
    "top10_pct": 22.1,
    "top25_pct": 38.4,
    "top1_share_of_distinct_pct": 5.6,
    "multi_brand_campaign_pct": 12.8
  }
}